Oral Microbiota

• Streptococcus mutans synthesizes dextran from sucrose, which helps in plaque formation. This process contributes significantly to the development of dental caries. [Q0094]
• Miller’s theory focuses on the role of acidogenic microorganisms in the caries process. These bacteria produce acids that demineralize tooth enamel, leading to cavity formation. [Q0101]
• Plaque contains bacteria that can cause dental caries and periodontal disease. It is considered an infection due to its indication of bacterial activity. [Q0117]
• Streptococcus mutans synthesizes the adhesive polymer from sucrose, which is critical for plaque development. This polymer helps bacteria adhere to tooth surfaces, facilitating caries formation. [Q0120]
• Plaque is a soft film composed mainly of non-calcified bacteria. It cannot be rinsed off the teeth and requires mechanical removal. [Q0291]
• All dental plaques have the potential to produce acid. This acid production is a key factor in the development of dental caries. [Q0323]
• Acids produced by dental plaque bacteria contribute to the demineralization of tooth enamel. This demineralization is a primary cause of dental caries. [Q0339]
• Aerobic gram-positive bacteria are among the first colonizers in dental plaque formation. These early colonizers create an environment conducive to the growth of other bacteria. [Q0540]
• Bacteria metabolize sucrose to form extracellular polysaccharides. These polysaccharides contribute to the structure and stability of dental plaque. [Q0541]
• Sucrose significantly contributes to plaque formation, which is critical in periodontal disease development. Even if a patient is resistant to caries, sucrose can still promote periodontal disease. [Q0556]
• Streptococcus mutans produce glucans, which enhance their adherence to tooth surfaces. This adherence is a key factor in the cariogenicity of these bacteria. [Q0557]
• After 21 days of plaque accumulation, the infiltrate typically includes plasma cells and there may be early bone involvement. This stage indicates the progression of periodontal disease. [Q0582]
• The oral cavity of a newborn is typically sterile. Bacterial colonization occurs later, influenced by environmental and parental factors. [Q0671]
• Streptococcus mutans most frequently synthesizes glucan. This substance plays a crucial role in the formation and stability of dental plaque. [Q0801]

Miscellaneous

• Dentists must complete 150 CPD hours to avoid being struck off the register. This requirement ensures they maintain up-to-date knowledge and skills. [Q3929]
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is credited as the pioneer of microbiology. He was the first to observe and describe microorganisms using a microscope. [Q4264]
• No, penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming, not Louis Pasteur. Fleming’s discovery revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections. [Q4271]
• Yes, there are multiple questions addressing both reversible and irreversible pulpitis. Understanding the differences between these conditions is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. [Q4305]
• Molecular biological tests are used for various purposes in dentistry, including diagnosis, treatment planning, and research. These tests provide detailed information about microbial presence and activity. [Q4356]
• Melanoma is the condition most likely to be malignant. Early detection and treatment are critical for improving patient outcomes. [Q4384]
• Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 30. This definition helps identify individuals at risk for obesity-related health issues. [Q4458]
• Osler’s nodes are painful, red, raised lesions found on the skin, typically associated with endocarditis. They are a clinical sign that can aid in the diagnosis of this condition. [Q4492]
• Patients over 18 can provide consent for medical procedures if they are mentally competent. This ensures that they have the capacity to understand and make informed decisions about their care. [Q4561]
• PAS stain is used to identify carbohydrates. It is commonly employed in histology to highlight structures rich in glycogen and other polysaccharides. [Q4587]
• PAS is frequently used to stain carbohydrates and mucinous substances. This staining technique helps visualize specific tissue components under a microscope. [Q4588]
• PCR amplifies DNA to detect the presence of specific genetic material. This technique is valuable in diagnosing infections and genetic conditions. [Q4637]
• Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than 5 microns. This small size is one of the distinguishing features of prokaryotes compared to eukaryotic cells. [Q4671]
• Prokaryotic cells lack internal membranes and are small. This simplicity is characteristic of prokaryotic cell structure. [Q4672]
• Prokaryotic cells are simple and have a circular double-stranded chromosome with no nuclear membrane. This structure differentiates them from more complex eukaryotic cells. [Q4673]
• Orthodontic elastics are commonly used to achieve extrusion. This type of tooth movement is essential for correcting certain dental malocclusions. [Q4701]
• Silver staining can identify carbohydrates but not exclusively. This technique is also used for other cellular components, providing versatile diagnostic utility. [Q4801]
• Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae are considered main groups of microorganisms. Understanding these groups is fundamental to studying microbiology in dentistry. [Q5096]
• Normal fasting blood glucose levels are 70-99 mg/dL. Maintaining these levels is crucial for metabolic health and preventing diabetes. [Q5869]
• The South East of England is known to have the best oral health condition in the UK. This region’s success is attributed to effective public health initiatives and access to dental care. [Q5870]