Biochemistry

• Reverse transcription, not transcription, is the process where RNA is converted into DNA, as seen in retroviruses like HIV. [Q0672]
• Administering 100 ml of 8.4% Sodium bicarbonate at a rate of 10 ml/minute is commonly recommended for optimal therapeutic effect. [Q3004]
• Lysosomes, essential for intracellular digestion, typically range from 1 to 5 micrometers in size. [Q3429]
• Lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain digestive enzymes crucial for breaking down phagocytosed materials. [Q3430]
• Cholesterol serves as the precursor for all steroid hormones, essential for their biosynthesis. [Q3456]
• Cohesion in saliva refers to the attraction between similar molecules, aiding in its lubricating properties. [Q3492]
• Collagen granules are utilized in wound dressing and tissue regeneration due to their supportive and healing properties. [Q3494]
• Muscina aids digestion, lysozyme causes bacterial lysis, IgA offers immunity, minerals contribute to bone structure, and amylase facilitates starch digestion. [Q3518]
• Creatine kinase and troponin are biomarkers specific to muscle damage, including cardiac muscle, rather than liver damage. [Q3536]
• If the lysosomal membrane is compromised, enzymes can leak out, leading to cellular damage and potential cell death. [Q3615]
• The end product of protein metabolism is urea, which is excreted by the kidneys. [Q3674]
• Alkaline phosphatase levels are measured to assess liver function and detect damage. [Q3678]
• Free radicals induce oxidative stress, which can lead to cellular damage and apoptosis. [Q3775]
• Free radicals can damage various cell components, including proteins and lipids, in addition to DNA. [Q3776]
• Free radicals can cause single-strand breaks in DNA, leading to mutations and potential cell death. [Q3777]
• Methylmethacrylate, commonly used in dental materials, boils at 160.5°C under standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm). [Q4331]
• Troponin and myoglobin are biomarkers used to detect cardiac muscle damage, crucial for diagnosing myocardial infarction. [Q4412]
• The four bases of DNA are Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Adenine (A), and Thymine (T), forming the genetic code. [Q4922]
• Type I collagen forms the bulk of the dentin matrix, providing structural integrity and strength to teeth. [Q4936]
• Amino acids are the building blocks that link together to form peptides and proteins. [Q5713]