Adhesive Dentistry

• Acid etching is essential to create a micro-retentive surface, enhancing the bond between the composite and enamel. This process significantly reduces the risk of marginal leakage, ensuring a longer-lasting restoration. [Q0128]
• Setting contraction of composite resin causes gaps at the enamel interface, leading to micro-leakage. Proper technique and material choice are crucial to minimize this effect and ensure the longevity of the restoration. [Q0256]
• If the bonding agent does not cover etched enamel, the enamel will remineralize within seven days. This natural process restores enamel integrity, but initially leaves the area susceptible to sensitivity and bacterial invasion. [Q0259]
• Chelating agents such as EDTA are critical in removing the smear layer to enhance bonding agent effectiveness. This preparation step ensures better adhesion and longevity of the restoration. [Q0309]
• Etching techniques are vital to create micro-retentive surfaces, enhancing the bond strength between the tooth and restorative materials. This process significantly reduces the risk of restoration failure due to marginal leakage. [Q0344]
• Failure to wedge the matrix during a Class II restoration can result in poor adaptation and marginal leakage. Proper matrix placement is essential to ensure tight contacts and prevent post-operative sensitivity. [Q0519]
• Acid etching effectiveness is influenced by the tooth’s chemical and physical properties, such as enamel density and composition. Understanding these factors helps in achieving optimal etch patterns and bonding. [Q0718]
• Etching enamel increases its surface area, enhancing mechanical retention and bonding strength. This is crucial for the durability and stability of composite restorations. [Q0815]
• Acid etching roughens the enamel surface, creating a micro-porous structure for better composite adhesion. This technique is fundamental for the success of composite restorations. [Q3153]
• Adhesive restorations are beneficial as they bond tooth structure and prevent crack propagation. This approach enhances the tooth’s strength and longevity. [Q3167]
• Beveling the occlusal surface improves the bond and adaptation of composite to enamel. This technique provides a smoother transition and better aesthetics for the restoration. [Q3358]
• The etching technique used in composite fillings is classified as type I etching, which involves the removal of the enamel smear layer. This method enhances the bonding process by creating a roughened surface for better adhesion. [Q4998]
• Post-etching, it is crucial to rinse with water and thoroughly dry the surface to remove any residual acid. This step ensures optimal bonding conditions for the adhesive material. [Q5910]
• Applying primer before composite placement enhances the bond between the tooth and the restorative material. This step is essential for the durability and success of the restoration. [Q6101]

Cavity Design

• A marked cervical constriction complicates placing the gingival seat in Class II cavity preparations. Careful attention to cavity design is necessary to ensure proper adaptation and restoration integrity. [Q0567]
• Inadequate depth at the isthmus is a primary cause of fractures in Class II amalgam restorations. Ensuring sufficient depth and bulk in this area is critical for restoration longevity. [Q0644]
• Class III caries involve the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth, typically just below the contact point. Proper cavity design and access are essential for effective restoration. [Q3295]
• An inward-sloping gingival floor in Class II cavities facilitates better filling placement and adaptation. This design minimizes voids and ensures a more stable restoration. [Q4067]
• An outward-sloping gingival floor in Class II cavities can lead to food impaction and plaque accumulation. Proper cavity design is crucial to avoid these issues and maintain oral hygiene. [Q4068]

Esthetic Dentistry

• For aesthetic fillings in premolars, removing proximal caries and applying occlusal and gingival bevels enhances adhesion and visual appeal. This approach ensures a seamless and durable restoration. [Q0468]
• Beveling the cavo-surface margin in composite restorations creates a smoother transition, improving aesthetics and reducing visibility. This technique is crucial for achieving a natural-looking restoration. [Q0931]
• Amalgam is generally avoided in smooth surface lesions due to cosmetic concerns. Composite resins are preferred for their superior aesthetic qualities and color matching. [Q3220]
• Anterior partial crowns are preferred to preserve the natural buccal face, maintaining aesthetic integrity. This approach ensures a natural appearance while providing structural support. [Q3276]

Tooth Preparation

• Inclining the handpiece lingually during lower premolar preparation helps avoid the buccal pulp horn, reducing the risk of pulp exposure. This technique is essential for maintaining tooth vitality. [Q0001]
• Reducing the cusp by 2mm on a flat base is recommended for weakened cusps in amalgam restorations. This provides greater resistance and support, ensuring the longevity of the restoration. [Q0002]
• In lower first molars, the mesio-buccal pulp horn is most susceptible to exposure during large cavity preparations. Careful technique is required to prevent pulp damage and maintain tooth vitality. [Q0085]
• An optimal cavosurface angle of 95-110° for occlusal amalgam restorations ensures strength and durability. This angle provides adequate resistance and retention for the restorative material. [Q0257]
• For restoring weakened cusps with amalgam, a 2mm reduction and flattened surface are recommended. This approach enhances strength and durability, ensuring a stable restoration. [Q0260]
• Tilting the bur lingually during Class II cavity preparation on mandibular first premolars prevents encroachment on the lingual pulp horn and supports the lingual cusp. This technique maintains the structural integrity of the tooth. [Q0261]
• Proximal cavity walls in Class II amalgam preparations should be finished at an obtuse angle for better resistance and retention. This angle enhances the stability and longevity of the restoration. [Q0266]
• The pulpal floor of a Class II cavity in mandibular first premolars should be tilted lingually to match the tooth’s natural anatomy. This design provides better adaptation and support for the restoration. [Q0518]
• Class III cavities are located on the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth, just below the contact point. Proper access and visibility are essential for effective caries removal and restoration. [Q0688]
• Understanding the age and shape of the pulp chamber, along with the direction of root canals, is crucial for optimal cavity preparation. These factors ensure effective caries removal and restoration placement. [Q0748]
• In deciduous teeth, it is unnecessary to include fissures in the occlusal outline during proximal cavity preparation. This simplifies the procedure and preserves more tooth structure. [Q0752]
• Occlusal rests should be prepared at a right angle to the tooth’s long axis. This design provides better support and stability for the prosthetic appliance. [Q0812]
• In vital pulp therapy, a pin hole depth of approximately 2mm is optimal. This ensures secure placement and minimizes the risk of pulp exposure or damage. [Q0825]
• Proximal cavosurface walls in Class II amalgam preparations should be finished at a right angle to the external surface. This provides better resistance and retention for the restoration. [Q0826]
• A 2mm cusp reduction is necessary for amalgam onlays to achieve optimal resistance form. This reduction ensures better stability and longevity of the restoration. [Q0845]

Minimal Intervention Dentistry

• The progression of dentine caries follows this sequence: bacterial penetration, demineralisation, sclerosis, and reparative dentine. Understanding this helps in early detection and appropriate treatment planning. [Q0016]
• Simple carbohydrates in the diet are metabolized by bacteria into acids, leading to dentine demineralization and caries progression. Managing dietary intake is crucial in preventing caries. [Q0093]
• A high concentration of lactobacilli, such as 105 organisms/ml, indicates a cariogenic environment contributing to rapidly progressive root caries. Monitoring bacterial levels is important for caries management. [Q0111]
• The Stephan Curve illustrates a pH drop following carbohydrate intake, leading to an acidic environment and demineralization. Understanding this curve helps in caries prevention strategies. [Q0118]
• Placing sealants on newly erupted teeth is a primary preventive measure to protect against caries. This treatment is effective in reducing the risk of occlusal caries in young patients. [Q0885]
• A hard, dark brown spot below the contact point is typically demineralized enamel, signifying early caries. Identifying such spots is crucial for early intervention and caries management. [Q0935]
• Not all dark-stained dentine is carious; only soft and infected dentine should be removed. Preserving as much healthy dentine as possible is crucial for the tooth’s structural integrity. [Q3203]
• Caries dyes are designed to specifically stain infected dentin, not uninfected areas. This selective staining helps in accurately identifying and removing carious tissue. [Q3410]
• Caries that extend halfway through the dentin are termed moderate occlusal caries. Identifying the extent of caries is crucial for appropriate treatment planning. [Q3411]
• Caries that extend halfway through the enamel are termed incipient occlusal caries. Early detection of these lesions allows for minimally invasive treatment. [Q3412]
• Caries that extend halfway through the enamel on the proximal surface are termed incipient proximal caries. Accurate diagnosis and early intervention are key to preventing further progression. [Q3413]
• The depth of the caries is crucial for identifying the stage of caries progression. Accurate assessment helps in determining the appropriate treatment approach. [Q3414]
• Early detection and treatment of caries prevent gum disease, tooth loss, and tooth decay. Timely intervention is essential for maintaining oral health. [Q3650]
• Fluoride varnish application is the first line of treatment for rampant caries. This treatment helps in remineralizing enamel and arresting caries progression. [Q3728]
• Demineralization occurs at the surface in early caries lesions, forming white spots. These lesions are reversible with appropriate preventive measures. [Q4077]
• Initial caries lesions typically appear white and chalky due to subsurface enamel demineralization. Recognizing these early signs allows for timely preventive interventions. [Q4162]

Other

• Translucency is lost in all these conditions: death of the pulp, complete calcification of the pulp chamber, hyperemia, and presence of a pulp stone. These conditions impact the optical properties of the tooth, making it appear less translucent. [Q0129]
• Applying hypertonic fluid on dentine causes fluid movement from inside the tubules to the outside due to osmotic pressure. This movement is driven by the concentration gradient between the fluid inside the tubules and the hypertonic solution outside. [Q0201]
• Fluid movement in dentinal tubules is primarily driven by hydrodynamic pressure, which is influenced by osmotic changes. This mechanism helps explain dentinal sensitivity and fluid dynamics within the tooth. [Q0202]
• Floss is used to guide the rubber dam through the contacts between teeth, ensuring proper isolation and sealing during dental procedures. This technique helps maintain a dry field and improves procedural efficiency. [Q0214]
• Interference with occlusion from a new restoration can lead to apical periodontitis due to increased occlusal forces. Proper occlusal adjustment is essential to prevent this complication. [Q0234]
• Amalgam is defined as an alloy of two or more metals, one of which is mercury. This material is widely used in dentistry for its durability and ease of use. [Q0265]
• The gingival area has a dentine background, affecting its color. This results in a color difference compared to the incisal portion, which has a more translucent enamel. [Q0277]
• The remnants of ameloblasts contribute to the primary enamel cuticle. This layer provides protection to the newly erupted tooth. [Q0293]
• Cross-cut fissures used at high speeds create the roughest surface texture, which can affect bonding and finishing procedures. This texture can enhance mechanical retention but may also require additional smoothing. [Q0898]
• Too small a distance between holes can damage gingival tissues when placing a rubber dam. Proper spacing is necessary to ensure effective isolation without harming the soft tissues. [Q0899]
• A facet is a flat surface on a tooth indicating wear patterns. These patterns provide insights into occlusal dynamics and potential bruxism. [Q3060]
• Attrition is caused by tooth-to-tooth contact, leading to wear. This process can be exacerbated by habits such as bruxism or malocclusion. [Q3320]
• Bulimia commonly causes erosion on the incisal edges of the anterior teeth due to acid exposure. This condition results from frequent vomiting, which exposes teeth to stomach acids. [Q3393]
• Caries around old fillings is referred to as recurrent caries. This type of caries occurs at the margins of existing restorations. [Q3409]
• Adjacent structures should always be preserved if possible. This principle helps maintain the integrity and function of the oral cavity. [Q3617]
• Erosion is commonly caused by dietary acids. These acids demineralize the tooth surface, leading to loss of enamel. [Q3686]
• Excessive drying can damage odontoblasts. This damage can compromise the vitality of the tooth and lead to sensitivity or necrosis. [Q3696]
• Glutaraldehyde 20% is too strong for use in pulpotomy. Alternative agents with appropriate concentrations should be used to avoid tissue damage. [Q3834]
• Hydrogen peroxide increases the risk of cervical resorption if used in high concentrations. Proper concentration and application techniques are essential to minimize this risk. [Q3963]
• Hydrogen peroxide is available over the counter in low concentrations for teeth bleaching. These products are designed for safe, gradual whitening. [Q3964]
• In 10-20% of cases, cementum and enamel fail to meet, exposing dentin. This exposure can lead to sensitivity and increased risk of caries. [Q4044]
• Pulmonary TB commonly presents with coughing, chest pain, and blood-stained sputum. These symptoms are indicative of respiratory involvement and should prompt further investigation. [Q4102]
• Yes, the buccal cusps of the mandibular first permanent molar are smaller and less pointed compared to the lingual cusps. This anatomical difference affects occlusal dynamics and restorative approaches. [Q4122]
• Alginate has an initial acidic pH around 4 when mixing starts. This pH changes as the material sets, affecting its working properties. [Q4163]
• Internal bleaching refers to bleaching the tooth from within the pulp chamber. This technique is used to address discoloration resulting from internal staining. [Q4176]
• EDTA is used to remove the smear layer of the tooth. Removing this layer enhances the bonding of sealants and other restorative materials. [Q4192]
• Lentulo spiral fillers are not typically used for filing primary teeth in pulpectomy. Other techniques are preferred to ensure proper canal filling and avoid damage to primary teeth. [Q4235]
• Vitamin deficiency, particularly of B vitamins, is a primary cause of angular cheilitis. Addressing nutritional deficiencies can help resolve this condition. [Q4277]
• Prepubertal periodontitis typically presents with severe bone destruction and mild gingival recession. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to managing this aggressive form of periodontitis. [Q4662]
• The lower lip is the most common site for oral squamous cell carcinoma due to sun exposure. Regular examination and sun protection are important preventive measures. [Q4699]
• The smear layer should be removed by EDTA in infected teeth but can be left in non-infected teeth to make a plug at the apex. This approach helps prevent the escape of irrigant solutions and improves endodontic outcomes. [Q4810]
• A dental syringe is specifically designed for delivering local anesthesia in soft tissues. Its design helps ensure accurate and controlled administration. [Q4820]
• Teeth erosion can affect all surfaces of the teeth, not just the palatal surfaces. This condition is influenced by various factors, including dietary habits and acid exposure. [Q4883]
• Displacement of the tooth is not related to caries treatment. Caries management focuses on removing decayed tissue and restoring tooth structure. [Q5825]
• Rubber dam isolation improves visibility and access during dental procedures. It also helps maintain a dry field and reduces contamination risks. [Q6100]